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Biography

• ����ɫ�� PhD Scholarship, is immediately available in the general area of coding and signal processing for emerging data storage and communication systems for Big Data and AI. The corresponding research topics will make significant impact in both Academia and industry, and hence will provide a great opportunity for the career development of the students.  For a PhD candidate, a good degree (Bachelor or Master) in electrical engineering, mathematics, or computer science is expected. The applicants can contact Prof Cai directly through email: cai_kui@sutd.edu.sg
• Postdoc Research Fellow Positions are immediately available. We are looking for outstanding posdoc to work on advanced coding and signal processing for various emerging data storage and communication channels. Applicants should possess a PhD degree with demonstrated ability to conduct high quality research in channel coding and signal processing, and machine learning.  This position comes with very attractive salary and benefits. The start date is flexible. Applications including a cover letter and CV can be sent through email to
• Postdoc Research Fellow / Research Assistant positions are immediately available. We are looking for outstanding candidate to work on FPGA implementation of advanced channel coding, signal processing, and machine learning algorithms for various emerging data storage and communication channels. Applicants are expected to possess a Master or PhD degree with strong FPGA knowledge and experience, and preferably with some preliminary knowledge of error correction coding. This position comes with very attractive salary and benefits. The start date is flexible.

• Joint PhD, Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands &The National University of Singapore
• M. Eng, Electrical Engineering, The National University of Singapore
• B. Eng, Information and Control Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Research Interests

• Error correction coding (ECC)
  • ECCs for correcting insertion, deletion, and substitution errors
  • Reconstruction codes
  • LDPC codes
  • Polar codes
  • Erasure codes, Fountain codes
  • Message passing decoding algorithms and scheduling
  • Graph-based joint detection and decoding
• Constrained coding
  • Constrained codes for DNA data storage channels
  • Storage codes for non-volatile memories
• Signal processing for data storage and communication systems
  • Channel modeling and characterization
  • Information theory based theoretic characterization
  • Channel quantization schemes
• Channel detection
  • Memory sensing schemes and detector for non-volatile memories channels
  • Two dimensional equalization and detection
• Machine learning based channel estimation, channel detection and decoding
  • Unsupervised learning
  • Supervised learning
• Network coding for distributed storage systems and networks
• Efficient FPGA implementation of ECCs and emerging data storage systems

Research Projects (as PI)

• “Development of parity-check codes based receiver for Blu-Ray disc optical recording systems”, Philips Research Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 2002–2005
• “Modeling and channel algorithm development for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR)”, Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC), USA, 2009 – 2010
• “Two dimensional coding and signal processing towards 10 Tb/in²magnetic recording”, A*STAR, 2010 – 2013
• “Non-volatile memories for high performance, radiation hardened aerospace application”,  A*STAR, 2012 – 2014.
• ����ɫ�� SRG, April 2015 – April 2018.
• “Radiation-resilient microcontroller for small-satellite applications”, OSTIN Space Research Program, NRF. June 2015 – November 2018
• “Design of novel channel codes for ultra-high density magnetic recording”, ����ɫ��-MIT International Design Centre (IDC) Grant, September 2015 – September 2018
• “Advanced LDPC coding techniques for fast and reliable information storage and retrieval of solid state drives”, ����ɫ��-ZJU Joint Research Grant, April 2016– April 2019
• “Development of novel channel coding and detection techniques for emerging non-volatile memories”, A*Star Public Sector Research (PSF) Grant, April 2016– April 2019
• MOE Tier 2 Grant, July 2017– January 2021
• Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Programmatic Funds, March 2019 – March 2024
• MOE Tier 2 Grant, July 2020– July 2023
• Temasek Labs Seed Research Project Grant, January 2021– December 2021
• Temasek Labs Seed Research Project Grant, December 2022– November 2023
• ����ɫ�� SKI project, October 2022– March 2024
• MOE Tier 2 Grant, August 2022– July 2025
• ����ɫ�� SKI project, November 2023– November 2026

Awards & Achievements

• 2024 ScholarGPS™ Highly Ranked Scholars™ Top 0.05% Scholars Worldwide (Speciality) Prior Five-Year.
• 2024 Best Paper Award, China Annual Symposium on Information Theory
• 2023 Best Poster Paper Award, China Annual Symposium on Information Theory
• 2021 Singapore 100 Women in Tech
• 2020 Who’s Who in Engineering Singapore (3rd Edition)
• 2018 Exemplary Reviewer for IEEE Transaction on Communications
• 2018 Asia Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (APMRC) Outstanding Student Paper Award (corresponding author)
• 2014, Two patents licensed to Marvell Technology Group Ltd (first and major inventor)
• 2008 IEEE Communications Society Best Paper Award in Coding and Signal Processing for Data Storage (first author)
• 2006 Best Paper Award of Data Storage Institute (first author)
• 2011 Best Paper Award in Engineering of Data Storage Institute (first author)
• 2010 President Technology Award, Singapore, Nomination (team leader)
• 2011 President Technology Award, Singapore, Nomination (team leader)

Selected Publications 

• Song, K. Cai, and T.Q. Quek, “Some New Constructions of q-ary Codes for Correcting a Burst of at Most t Deletions”, Entropy, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 85, Jan. 2025.
• C. Wang, Z. Mei, J. Li, K. Cai, and L.J. Kong, “Piecewise Student’s t-distribution Mixture Model-Based Estimation for NAND Flash Memory Channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Signal Processing. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 451-455, Jan. 2025.
• T.  Nguyen, K. Cai, and P. Siegel, “A new version of q-ary Varshamov-Tenengolts codes with more efficient encoders: the differential VT codes and the differential shifted VT codes,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 6989 – 7004, Oct. 2024.
• A. Schouhamer Immink, K. Cai, T. T. Nguyen and J. H. Weber, “Constructions and Properties of Efficient DNA Synthesis Codes,” in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 289-296, June 2024.
• Mei, K. Cai, L.Shi, J. Li, Kees Immink and L. Chen, “Deep Transfer Learning-based Detection for Flash Memory Channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Transaction on Communications, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 3425 – 3438, Jan. 2024.
• Dai, K. Ca, Z. Mei, and X. Zhong, “Polar code construction based on density evolution for resistive random access memory channels”, IEEE Commun. Lett. vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1765 – 1769, June 2024.
• A.S. Immink, J.H. Webber, and K. Cai, “”, Entropy, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1028, Nov. 2024.
• Lim, S. Go, C. Tan, Y. Jiang, K.Cai, T. Chong, S. R. Elliott, T. Lee, and D. K. Loke, “Toward memristive phase-change neural network with high-quality ultra-effective highly-self-adjustable online learning,”&�Բ�����;Advanced Physics Research, 2024, 3, 2300085.
• Song and K. Cai, “Non-binary Two-Deletion Correcting Codes and Burst-Deletion Correcting Codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 6470 – 6484, Oct. 2023.
• T.  Nguyen, K. Cai, H.M. Kiah, Kees Immink, and Y.M. Chee, “Two-dimensional RC/SW constrained codes: bounded weight and almost balanced weight,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 4961 – 4976, Aug. 2023.
• He and K. Cai, “Basis-finding algorithm for decoding fountain codes for DNA-based data storage”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3691 – 3707, June 2023.
• Dupraz, F. Leduc-Primeau, K. Cai, and L. Dolecek, “Turning to information theory to bring in-memory computing into practice,” Early Access, IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine, Nov. 2023.
• Z. Mei, K. Cai, L. Shi, and J. Li, “Quantization design for resistive memories with multiple reads,” accepted by IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 822-826, March 2023.
• G. Song, K. Cai, Y. Li, and Kees. Immink, “Maximum achievable rate of resistive random-access memory channels by mutual information spectrum analysis,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, Early Access, Dec. 2022.
• W. Song, N. Polyyanskii, K. Cai, and X. He, “,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 6402-6416, Oct. 2022.
• P. Li, K. Cai, G. Song, and Z. Mei, ““, IEEE Commun. Lett. vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 2032-2036, Sept. 2022.
• C. Sun, K. Cai, G. Song, T. Quek, and Z. Fei, “Belief propagation based joint detection and decoding for resistive random access memories, ” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 2227 – 2239, April 2022.
• K. Cai, K.M. Kiah, T.T.  Nguyen, and E. Yaakobi, “Coding for sequence reconstruction for single edits,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 66 – 79, Jan. 2022.
• X. He, K. Cai, and L. Zhou, “A class of optimal structures for node computations in message passing algorithms,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 93 – 104, Jan. 2022.
• G. Song, K. Cai, C. Sun, X. Zhong, and J. Cheng, “Near-optimal detection for both data and sneak-path interference in resistive memories with random cell selector failures,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 836-850, Feb. 2022.
• P. Kang, K. Cai, X. He, S. Li, and J. Yuan, “Generalized mutual information-maximizing quantized decoding of LDPC codes with layered scheduling,” IEEE Trans. Vehilcular Technology, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 7258-7273, Jul. 2022.
• X. Zhong, K. Cai, G. Song, , W. Wang, and Y. Zhu, “Constrained coding and deep learning aided threshold detection for resistive memories,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett. vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 803-807, April 2022.
• X. Zhong, K. Cai, G. Song “Union bound analysis for spin-torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) with channel quantization,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans.  Magnetics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 1-5, Feb. 2022.
• L. Shi, K. Cai, W. Song, Z. Wang, and J. Li, “Asymmetric decentralized caching with coded prefetching under non-uniform requests,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 197-208, March 2022.
• T.T.  Nguyen, K. Cai, and Kees Immink, “Efficient design of subblock energy-constrained codes and sliding window-constrained codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 7914 – 7924, Dec. 2021.
• K. Cai, Y. M. Chee, R. Gabrys, H.M. Kiah, and T.T.  Nguyen“ Correcting a single indel/edit for DNA-based data storage: linear-time encoders and order-pptimality,”&�Բ�����; IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, Special Issue Dedicated to the Memory of Vladimir I. Levenshtein, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 3438-3451, June 2021.
• X. He, K. Cai, W. Song, and Z. Mei, “Dynamic programming for sequential deterministic quantization of discrete memoryless channels”, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3638-3651, June 2021.
• T.T.  Nguyen, K. Cai, Kees Immink, and H.M. Kiah, and “ Capacity-approaching constrained codes with error correction for DNA-based data storage, ” IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 1557-9654, Aug. 2021.
• G. Song, K. Cai, X. Zhong, Y. Jiang, and J. Cheng, “Performance limit and coding schemes for resistive random-access memory channels, ”  IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2093-2106, Apr. 2021.
• Kees Immink and K. Cai, “Efficient encoding of constrained block codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett. vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 3468 – 3472, Nov. 2021.
• P. Li, G. Song, K. Cai, Q. Yu, “Across-array coding for resistive memories with sneak-path interference and lognormal sistributed resistance variations,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett. vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 3458 – 3462, Nov. 2021.
• C. D. Nguyen, V.K. Vu, and K. Cai,”Two-dimensional weight-constrained codes for crossbar resistive memory arrays,”  IEEE Commun. Lett. vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1435-1438, May 2021.
• L. Shi, K. Cai, T. Yang, T. Wang, and J. Li, “Linear network coded wireless caching in cloud radio access network,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 701-715, Feb. 2021.
• Kees Immink and K. Cai, “Spectral shaping codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 158-165, May 2021.
• X. Zhong, K. Cai, Z. Mei, and T. Q. S. Quek, “Deep learning-based decoding of linear block codes for spin-torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM),”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans.  Magnetics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 1-5, Feb. 2021.
• K.A.S Immink and K. Cai, “Block codes for energy-harvesting sliding-window constrained channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 2283-2286, Nov. 2020.
• X. He and K. Cai, “Disjoint-set data structure-aided structured Gaussian elimination for solving sparse linear systems,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 2445-2449, Nov. 2020.
• W. Song, K. Cai, K.A.S Immink, “Sequence-subset distance and coding for error control in DNA-based data storage,” accepted by IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, June 2020.
• Z. Mei, K. Cai, and X. He, “Deep learning-aided dynamic read thresholds design for multi-level-cell flash memories,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun. vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 2850 – 2862, May 2020.
• G. Song, K. Cai, Y. Chi, J. Guo, and J. Cheng, “Super-sparse on-off division multiple access: replacing repetition with idling, ” IEEE Trans. Commun. vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 2251 – 2263, April 2020.
• J. Webber, R. Bu, K. Cai, and K.A.S. Immink, “Binary block codes for noisy channels with unknown offset,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun., Early Access.
• K.A.S. Immink and K. Cai, “Properties and constructions of energy-harvesting sliding-window constrained codes, ” IEEE Commun. Lett., Early Access.
• Y. Qian, L.Q. Shi, L. Shi, K. Cai, J. Li, and F. Shi, “Cache-enabled power line communication networks: caching node selection and backhaul energy optimization,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Green Communications and Networking., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 606 – 615, June 2020.
• C. D. Nguyen, K. Cai, B. Wang, and Y. Hong, “On efficient concatenation of LDPC codes with constrained codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans.  Magnetics, vol. 56, no. 3, # 6701705, March 2020.
• T. Wang, L. Shi, K. Cai, L. Tian, and S. Zhang, “Non-coherent NOMA with massive MIMO” IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett.,  vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 134 – 138, Feb. 2020.
• Z. Mei, K. Cai, L. Shi, and X. He, “On channel quantization for spin-torque transfer magnetic random access memory,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun. vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 7526 – 7539, Nov. 2019.
• K.A.S Immink and K. Cai, “Efficient balanced and maximum homopolymer-run restricted block codes for DNA-based data storage,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1676-1679, Oct. 2019.
• Z. Mei, K. Cai, and G. Song, “Performance analysis of finite-length LDPC codes over asymmetric memoryless channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 68, no. 11, pp. 11338 – 11342, Nov. 2019.
• P. Wu, J. Li, L. Shi, M. Ding, and K. Cai, “Dynamic content update for wireless edge caching via deep reinforcement learning,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1773 – 1777 , Oct. 2019.
• X. He, K. Cai, and Z. Mei, “On finite alphabet iterative decoding of LDPC codes with high-order modulation,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1913 – 1917, Nov. 2019.
• K.A.S Immink and K. Cai, “Efficient balanced and maximum homopolymer-run restricted block codes for DNA-based data storage,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1676-1679, Oct. 2019.
• G. Song, K. Cai, H. Chi, and J. Cheng, “Union bound analysis and code design for multilevel flash memory channels,” ,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun.,  vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 5963-5980, Sept. 2019.
• K.A.S Immink and K. Cai, “Computation of the spectrum of dc²-balanced codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 4634 – 4640, Jul. 2019.
• Y. Qian, F. Wang, J. Li, L. Shi, K. Cai, and F. Shu, “User association and path planning for UAV-aided mobile edge computing with energy restriction,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2162-2337, Oct. 2019.
• Z. Xie, P. Chen, Z. Mei, L. Shi, K. Cai, and Y. Fang, “Polar-coded physical layer network coding over two-way relay channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1301 – 1305, Aug. 2019.
• K.A.S Immink and K. Cai, “Estimated spectra of higher-order spectral null codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 23, no. 01, pp. 20 – 23, Jan. 2019.
• P. Chen, L. Shi, S.C. Liew, Y. Fang, and K. Cai, “Channel decoding for nonbinary physical-layer network coding in two-way relay systems,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 628 – 640, Jan. 2019.
• G. Song, K. Cai, H. Chi, and J. Cheng, “Throughput analysis of interference cancellation-based random access with feedback,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 2423 – 2426, Dec. 2018.
• W. Song, K. Cai, M. Zhang, and C. Yuen, “Codes with run-length and GC-content constraints for DNA-based data storage,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 2004 – 2007, Oct. 2018.
• Z. Mei, K. Cai, and B. Dai, “Polar codes for spin-torque transform magnetic random access memory,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 54, no. 11, # 3401305, Nov. 2018.
• M. Zhang, K. Cai, Q. Huang, and S. Yuan, “On bit-level decoding of non-binary LDPC codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 3736 – 3748, Sept. 2018.
• K.A.S Immink, K. Cai, and Jos H. Weber, “Dynamic threshold detection based on Pearson distance detection”, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 2958 – 2965, July 2018.
• P. Chen and K. Cai, “Rate-adaptive protograph LDPC codes for multi-level-cell (MLC) NAND flash memory”, IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1112 – 1115, June 2018.
• L. Shi, T. Yang, K. Cai, and P. Chen, “On MIMO linear physical-layer network coding: full-rate full-diversity design and optimization” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 3498 – 3511, May 2018.
• W. Song, Kai Cai, C. Yuan, K. Cai, and G. Han, “On sequential locally repairable codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 3513 – 3527, May 2018.
• K.A.S Immink and K. Cai, “Design of capacity-approaching constrained codes for DNA-based storage systems,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 224 – 227, Feb. 2018.
• K.A.S Immink and K. Cai, “Composition Check Codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 249 – 256, Jan. 2018.
• K. Cai, K.A.S Immink, M. Zhang, and R. Zhao. “ On the Design of Spectrum Shaping Codes for High-Density Data Storage”, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 477 – 482, Nov. 2017.
• K. Cai and K.A.S Immink, “Cascaded Channel Model, Analysis, and Hybrid Decoding for Spin-Torque Transfer Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM),”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 53, no. 11, # 8204311, Nov. 2017.
• P. Chen, K. Cai, and M. Zhang, “”Non-Binary Protograph-Based LDPC Codes for 2D ISI Magnetic Recording Channels “,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 53, no. 11, # 8108905, Nov. 2017.
• L. Kong, K. Cai, P. Chen, and F. Bing,  “Detector-aware LDPC code optimization for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels”,  IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 53, no. 11, # 2500504, Nov. 2017.
• C. A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, and K. Cai, “Edge-based dynamic scheduling for belief-propagation (BP) decoding of LDPC and RS codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 525 – 535, Feb. 2017.
• C. A. Aslam, K. Cai, and Y. L. Guan, “Mitigating stuck-cell failures in MLC NAND ash memory via inferred erasure decoding,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 2285-2295, Aug. 2017.
• C. A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, K. Cai, and G. Han, “Low-complexity belief propagation (BP) decoding via dynamic silent-variable-node-free scheduling,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Commun. Lett,. vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 28 – 31, Jan. 2017.
• C. A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, K. Cai, and G. Han, “Informed fixed scheduling for faster convergence of shuffled belief-propagation (BP) decoding,”IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 32 – 35, Jan. 2017.
• C. A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, and K. Cai, “Retention-aware belief-propagation decoding for NAND ash memory,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs., vol. 64, no. 6, pp 725 – 729, June 2017
• Z. Qin, K. Cai, and Y. Ng, “Iterative Detection and Decoding for Nonbinary LDPC Coded Partial-Response Channels with Written-in Errors”, IET Communications, vol 10, no. 4, pp 399-406, 2016.
• C. A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, and K. Cai, “Read and Write Voltage Signal Optimization for Multi-Level-Cell (MLC) NAND Flash Memory,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 64, no. 4, pp 1613-1623, Feb. 2016
• C. A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, and K. Cai, “Detector for MLC NAND Flash Memory Using Neighbor-A-Priori Information,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. PP, issue 90, pp 1-10, Feb. 2016.
• Chua, K. Cai, and W.L. Goh, “Efficient Two-Write WOM-codes for Non-Volatile Memories”, IEEE Trans. Communs. Lett., vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1690-1693, Oct. 2015.
• Y. Ng, K. Cai, K.S. Chan, M.R. Elidrissi, and Z. Yuan, “Signal processing for dedicated servo recording system”, IEEE Trans.  Magnetic, vol. 51, no. 10, Article #: 3000905, Oct. 2015.
• B. Chen, K. Cai, G.C. Han, S.T. Lim, and M. Tran, “A portable dynamic switching model for perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions considering both thermal and process variations”, IEEE Trans.  Magnetic, vol. 51, no. 11, Article #:1300704, Nov. 2015.
• C. A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan and K. Cai, “Improving the Belief-Propagation Convergence of Irregular LDPC Codes Using Column-Weight Based Scheduling,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Communs. Lett., vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1283-1286, Aug. 2015.
• Z.M. Yuan, J. Shi, C.L. Ong, P.S. Alexopoulos, C. Du, A. Kong, S. Ang, B. Santoso, S. H. Leong, K. S. Chan, Y. Ng, K. Cai, J. Tsai, H. Ng, H. K. Tan, “Dedicated servo recording system and performance evaluation,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans.  Magnetic, vol. 51, no. 4, Article #: 3100507, April 2015.
• K. Cai, “Vertical constrained coding for phase-change memory with thermal crosstalk”, Journal of Communications, April 2014.
• G. J. Han, Y.L. Guan, K. Cai, K.S. Chan, and L.J. Kong, “Coding and detection for channels with written-in errors and inter-symbol interference”, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 50, No. 10, # 3101106, Oct. 2014.
• Y. Ng, S. Zhang, K. Cai, Z. Qin, C.L. Ong, S. Ang, and Z. Yuan, “Performance of perpendicular magnetic recording with track squeeze using bidirectional pattern-dependent noise prediction detector”, Journal of Applied Physics, accepted.
• K. Cai, Z. Qin, and B. Chen, “Channel capacity and soft-decision decoding of LDPC codes for spin-torch transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM)”, Journal of Communications, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 225-232, April 2013.
• Y. Ng, K. Cai, B.V.K. Kumar, Z. Qin, and T.C. Chong, “Bi-directional pattern-dependent noise prediction with LDPC codes for heat-assisted magnetic recording”, IEEE Trans.  Magnetic, vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 2662-2664, Jun. 2013.
• Z. Qin, K. Cai, and K.S. Chan, “Iterative reduced-complexity detection for LDPC-coded 2-D Recording Channels”, IEEE Trans.  Magnetic, vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 2598-2602, Jun. 2013.
• S. Zhang, K. Cai, and Z. Qin, “A position dependent binary symmetric channel model for BPMR write errors”, IEEE Trans.  Magnetics, vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 2582-2585, Jun. 2013.
• G. J. Han, Y.L. Guan, K. Cai, and K.S. Chan, “Asymmetric iterative multi-track detection for 2D non-binary LDPC coded magnetic recording”, IEEE Trans.  Magnetic, vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 5215-5221, Jun. 2013.
• G. J. Han, Y.L. Guan, K. Cai, K.S. Chan, and L.J. Kong, “Embedded marker code for channels corrupted by insertions, deletions, and AWGN”, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 2535-2538,  Jun. 2013.
• Y. Ng, K. Cai, B.V.K. Kumar, T.C Chong, S. Zhang, and B. Chen, “Channel modeling and equalizer design for staggered islands bit-patterned media recording”, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 1976-1983, Jun. 2012.
• Y. Ng, B.V.K. Kumar, K. Cai, R. Radhakrishnan, and T.C Chong, “Bi-directional pattern-dependent noise prediction for heat-assisted magnetic recording with high jitter noise”, IEEE Trans. Magnetics,  vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 1819-1825, May 2012.
• S. Zhang, K. Cai, M. L, J. Zhang, K.K. Teo, W.E. Wong, and E.T. Ong, “Timing and written-in errors characterization for bit patterned media,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 47, No. 10, pp. 2555-2558, Oct. 2011.
• M. Shaghaghi, K. Cai, Y.L. Guan, Z. Qin, “Markov chain  monte carlo based detection for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 471-478, Feb. 2011.
• K. Cai, Kees. Immink, Y.X. Lee, Z. Qin, and T.C. Chong, “Distance-enhancing constrained codes with parity-check constraints for data storage channels”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas  in Communications, vol. 28, No. 2, pp 208-217, Feb. 2010.
• Y. Ng, B.V.K. Kumar, K. Cai, S. Nabavi, and T.C Chong, “Investigation of PicketShift codes for bit-patterned media channels with insertion/deletion errors”, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 2268-2271, Jun. 2010.
• S. Zhang, K.S. Chai, Cai, B. Chen, Z. Qin, and S.M. Foo, “Write failure analysis for bit-patterned media recording and its impact on read channel modeling,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 1363-1365, Jun. 2010.
• Kees Immink and K. Cai, “Simple class of constrained systems with unconstrained positions that  outperform the maxentropic bound”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 55, No. 5, pp  2000-2003, May 2009.
• X. Zou, Z. Qin, and K. Cai, “Read channel simulation based on microtrack and micromagnetic modeling for one terabit per square inch magnetic recording,”&�Բ�����;Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (JMMM), vol. 320, issue 22, pp. 3128-3131, Nov. 2008.
• Z. Qin, K. Cai, and X. Zou , “A reduced-complexity iterative receiver based on simulated annealing for coded partial-response channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol 43,  no. 6, pp 2265-2267, Jun. 2007.
• K. Cai and K.A.S. Immink, “A general construction of constrained parity-check codes for optical recording”, IEEE Transactions on Communications., vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1070-1079, Jul. 2008.
• K. Cai, K.A.S. Immink , Z. Qin, and L.P. Shi, “Error correction code failure rate analysis for parity-check-coded optical recording systems”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 5870-5874, 2008.
• K. Cai, and Kees. Immink, “On the number of encoder states for a type of RLL codes”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 3313-3319, Jul. 2006.
• K. Cai, Kees. Immink, J.W.M. Bergmans, and L.P. Shi, “Constrained parity-check code and post- processor for advanced blue laser disc systems,”&�Բ�����;Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 45, no. 2B, pp. 1071-1078, Feb. 2006.
• K. Cai, J.W.M. Bergmans, Z. Qin, A. Padiy, and W. Coene, “Parity-check codes and post-processing for d=1 optical recording channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol 41,  no. 11, pp 4338-4340, Nov. 2005.

• T. Nguyen, K. Cai, T. Q. S. Quek, and K.A.S. Immink, “Efficient constructions of non-binary codes over absorption channels,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory(ISIT), Athens, Greece, July 2024.
• Song, K. Cai, and T. Q. S. Quek, “New constructions of q-ary codes correcting a burst of at most t deletions,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Athens, Greece, July 2024.
• T. Nguyen, K. Cai, and K.A.S. Immink, “Efficient DNA Synthesis Codes with Error Correction and Runlength Limited Constraint,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory(ISIT), Athens, Greece, July 2024.
• Song, Q. Cao, Y. Li, X. He, and K. Cai, “Upper Bound on Coding Rate over Resistive Random-Access Memory Channel under Arbitrary Input Distribution,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Athens, Greece, July 2024.
• X. He, Y. Ding, K. Cai, S. Song, B. Dai, and X. Tang, ” Outer channel of DNA-based data storage: capacity and efficient coding schemes,”&�Բ�����;Best Paper Award, China Annual Symposium on Information Theory, Nanjing, China, Nov. 2024.
• W. Song and K. Cai, “Non-binary Codes Correcting Two Deletions,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Taipei, Taiwan, June. 2023.
• T. T. NGUYEN, K. Cai, H.M. Kiah , D.T. Dao, and K.A. S. Immink, and Y.M. Chee, “On the Design of Codes for DNA Computing: Secondary Structure Avoidance Codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Taipei, Taiwan, June. 2023.
• T. T. Nguyen, P. Li, K. Cai, and Kees. Immink, “Locally mitigating sneak-path interference in resistive memory arrays,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Taipei, Taiwan, June. 2023.
• T. T. NGUYEN, K. Cai, and P. Siegel: “Every Bit Counts: a New Version of Non-binary VT Codes with more Efficient Encoder”, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Rome, Italy, May 2023.
• Z. Mei, K. Cai, L.Shi, J. Li, L. Chen, and Kees Immink, “Data Detection for Non-volaile Memories via Transfer Learning,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC), Rome, Italy, May 2023.
• G. Song, K. Cai, Y. Li, and Kees. Immink, ” Maximum achievable rate of resistive random-access memory channels by mutual information spectrum analysis,”&�Բ�����;Best Poster Paper Award, China Annual Symposium on Information Theory, Guangzhou, China, Nov. 2023.
• T. T. NGUYEN, K. Cai, W. Song, and K.A. S. Immink, “Optimal Chromosome-Inversion Correcting Codes for Data Storage in Live DNA,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Espoo, Finland, Jul. 2022.
• T. T. NGUYEN, K. Cai, H.M. Kiah , K.A. S. Immink, and Y.M. Chee, “Using One Redundant Bit to Construct Two-Dimensional Almost-Balanced Codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Espoo, Finland, Jul. 2022.
• W. Song, K. Cai, and T. T. NGUYEN, “’List-Decodable Codes for Single-Deletion Single-Substitution With List-Size Two,”IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Espoo, Finland, Jul. 2022.
• C. Lv, X. He, P. Kang, K. Cai, J. Yuan, and X. Tang, “Mutual Information-Maximizing Quantized Layered Min-Sum Decoding of QC-LDPC Codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil, Dec. 2022.
• T. T. NGUYEN, K. Cai, K.A. S. Immink, and Y.M. Chee, “Efficient design of capacity-approaching two-dimensional weight-constrained codes,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), virtual, Jul. 2021.
• K. Cai, H.M. Kiah, M. Motani, and T.T. Nguyen, “Coding for segmented edits with local weight constraints,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), virtual, Jul. 2021.
• W. Song, N. Polyanskii, K. Cai, and X. He, “On multiple-deletion multiple-substitution correcting codes,”IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), virtual, Jul. 2021.
• G. Song, K. Cai, C. Sun, X. Zhong, J. Cheng, “Selector failure detection for resistive random access memories,”&�Բ�����;IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), virtual, Jul. 2021.
• X. He and K. Cai, “On decoding Fountain codes with erroneous received symbols,” accepted by IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), virtual, April 2021.
• G. Song, K. Cai, X. Zhong, Y. Jiang, and J. Cheng, “Coding for resistive random-access memory channels, ”  IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom), Taipei, Taiwan, Dec. 2020.
• T. Nguyen, K. Cai, K. A. S. Immink, and H. M. Kiah, “Constrained coding with error control for DNA-based data storage”, IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2020), accepted in April 2020.
• T. Nguyen, K. Cai, and K. A. S. Immink, “Binary subblock energy-constrained codes: Knuth’s balancing and sequence replacement Techniques”, IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2020), accepted in April 2020.
• Cai, X. He, H. M. Kiah, and T. T. Nguyen, “Efficient constrained encoders correcting a single nucleotide edit in DNA storage”, Invited Paper, The 45th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Barcelona, Spain, May 2020.
• K. Cai, “Information coding for DNA-based data storage,” Keynote Speech, International Symposium on Big Data and Applied Statistic (ISBDAS), Dalian, China, Sept. 2019.
• X. He, K. Cai, and Z. Mei, “On mutual information-maximizing quantized belief propagation decoding of LDPC codes,” IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom), Hawaii, USA, Dec. 2019.
• L. Shi, K. Cai, and Z. Mei, “Linear network coded computation in mobile edge computing,” accepted by IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom), Hawaii, USA, Dec. 2019.
• X. He, K. Cai, W. Song, and Z. Mei, “Dynamic programming for quantization of q-ary input discrete memoryless channels,” accepted by IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) 2019, July, France.
• W. Song, K. Cai, and K.A.S. Immink, “Sequence-subset distance and coding for error control for DNA-based data storage,” accepted by IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) 2019, July, France.
• M. Zhen, K. Cai, and X. Zhong, “Neural network-based dynamic threshold detection for non-volatile memories”, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), China, May 2019.
• M. Zhen, K. Cai, and L. Shi, “Information theoretic bounds based channel quantization design for emerging memories”, IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), China, November 2018.
• X. Liu, K. Cai, and Z. Mei, ” FPGA implementation of a hybrid decoder for STT-MRAM,” Invited Paper, 2018 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), October 2018.
• K. Cai, and K.A.S Immink , “Detection of noisy and corrupted data using clustering techniques”,  The International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA), Singapore, Oct. 2018.
• M. Zhang, K. Cai, and K.A.S Immink , “Soft-decision decoding for DNA-based data storage”, The International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA), Singapore, Oct. 2018.
• W. Song and K. Cai, “Some construction of optimal locally repairable codes,”&�Բ�����; The International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA), Singapore, Oct. 2018.
• Y. Ichiki, G. Song, K. Cai, S. Lu, and J. Cheng, “Neural network detection of LDPC-coded random access CDMA systems,”&�Բ�����;The International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA), Singapore, Oct. 2018.
• A. Osamura, G. Song, J. Cheng, and K. Cai, “Sparse multiple access and code design with near channel capacity performance,”&�Բ�����;The International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA), Singapore, Oct. 2018.
• W. Song and K. Cai, “Generalized Reed-Solomon Codes with Sparsest and Balanced Generator Matrices,” accepted by IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) 2018, June, USA.
• L. Shi, K. Cai, Tao Yangy, and Taotao Wang, “ Linear Network Coded Wireless Caching,” accepted by IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2018, May, USA.
• Z. Mei, K. Cai, and B. Dai, “Polar coding for spin-torque transform magnetic random access  memory (STT-MRAM),” Intermag 2018, Singapore.
• X. Zhong, K. Cai, P. Chen, and A. Mei, “Rate-compatible protograph LDPC codes for spin-torque transform magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), ” Asia Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (APMRC), November 2018, Shanghai, China.
• C. D. Nguyen, K. Cai, B. Wang, and Y. Hong, “On the design of DC-free k-constrained LDPC codes, ” Asia Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (APMRC), November 2018, Shanghai, China.
• K. Cai, K.A.S Immink, and Mei Zhen, “Cascaded channel model and analysis for STT-MRAM,” 2018 Non-Volatile Memories Workshop (NVMW2018), USA
• G. Song, K. Cai, M. Zhen, and Jun Cheng “Error performance analysis of codes over binary asymmetric channels” 2018 Non-Volatile Memories Workshop (NVMW2018), USA.
• W. Song et. al., “On sequential locally repairable codes,” 2018 Non-Volatile Memories Workshop (NVMW2018), USA.
• K. Cai, K.A.S Immink, M. Zhang, and R. Zhao. “Design of Spectrum Shaping Codes for High-Density Data Storage”, accepted by IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), Las Vegas, USA, Jan. 2018
• G. Song, K. Cai, and J. Cheng, “Union Bound Analysis of Multilevel Flash Memory Channels”, IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Nov. 2017.
• G. Song, K. Cai, and J. Cheng, “A union bound analysis for codes over binary asymmetric channels”, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Paris, France, May 2017.
• K. Cai and Kees Immink, “A cascaded channel model and hybrid decoding for Spin-Torque Transfer Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM)”, IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag), Dublin, Ireland, April 2017.
• P. Chen, K. Cai, L. Kong, and M. Zhang, “Non-binary protograph-based LDPC codes for 2-D ISI magnetic recording channels”, IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag), Dublin, Ireland, April 2017.
• L. Kong, K. Cai, P. Chen, and F. Bing,  “Detector-aware LDPC code optimization for ultra-high density magnetic recording channels”,  IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag), Dublin, Ireland, April 2017.
• C. A. Aslam, K. Cai, and Y. L. Guan, “On the recovery of retention-failure data in MLC NAND flash memory,”&�Բ�����; Non-volatile Memory Workshop (NVMW), San Diego, USA, March 2017.
• C. A. Aslam, K. Cai, and Y. L. Guan, “Edge-based scheduling for decoding non-binary LDPC codes for MLC flash memories,”&�Բ�����;Non-volatile Memory Workshop (NVMW), San Diego, USA, March 2016.
• Qin, K. Cai, and S.H. Zhang, “Iterative symbol-level detection and decoding for nonbinary LDPC coded 2D Intersymbol Interference Channels “, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), London, UK, Jun. 2015.
• B. Chen, K. Cai, G.C. Han, S.T. Lim, and M. Tran, “A portable dynamic switching model for perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions considering both thermal and process variations”, Abstract of IEEE International Conference on Magnetics (Intermag), Beijing, China, 2015.
• A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, and K. Cai, “Dynamic write-level and read-level signal design for MLC NAND flash memory,”in Proc. Int. Symp. Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Manchester UK, July 2014, pp. 336-341.
• A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, and K. Cai, “Non-binary LDPC code with multiple memory reads for multi-level-cell (MLC) flash,”in Proc. Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), Siem Reap Cambodia, Dec 2014, pp. 1-9.
• A. Aslam, Y. L. Guan, and K. Cai, “Low-Complexity Quantization-Aware Belief-Propagation (QA-BP) Decoding for MLC NAND Flash Memory,”in Proc. Int. Conf. Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS), Singapore, Dec 2015.
• K. Cai, “Vertical constrained coding for phase-change memory with thermal crosstalk”, invited paper, IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, (ICNC), Hawaii, Feb. 2014.
• K. Cai, Z. Qin, and B. Chen, “Modeling and information theoretic analysis of spin-torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) ”, invited paper, Magnetics Symposium 2014, Singapore, Oct. 2014.
• K. Cai, Z. Qin, and B. Chen, “Channel modeling and soft-decision decoding of LDPC codes for spin-torch transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM)”, invited paper, IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, (ICNC), San Diego, Jan. 2013.
• K. Cai, Z. Qin, S. Zhang, Y. Ng, K.S Chai, and R. Radhakrishnan, “Modeling, detection, and LDPCcodes for bit-patterned media recording,” invited paper, IEEE Global Communications Conference(Globecom), Miami, Dec. 2010.
• R. Radhakrishnan and K. Cai, “Reverse concatenated watermark code”, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Toronto, Canada, Jun. 2012.
• K. Cai, Z. Qin, R. Sibba, H. Meng, B. Chen, “Channel modeling and information theoretical characterization for spin-torch transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM)”, Technical Digest of The 3^rd Non-volatile Memory Workshop (NVMW), San Diego, US, March 2012.
• Y. Ng, K. Cai, B.V.K. Kumar, S. Zhang, and Tow Chong Chong, “Channel modeling  and two-dimensional equalization for bit-patterned media,”&�Բ�����;Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Magnetic Recording (Intermag), USA, 2009.
• K. Cai, K.A.S. Immink , and Z. Qin “Distance-enhancing constrained codes for optical recording channels”, IEEE Intl. Conf. Global Telecommun.(GLOBECOM), New Orleans, Nov. 2008.
• Kees. Immink and K. Cai, “Simple class of constrained systems with unconstrained positions that outperform the maxentropic bound”, Proc. of 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2008.
• K. Cai, Y.N. Foo, and J. W. M. Bergmans, “Combating media noise for high-density optical recording”, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Glasgow, Jun. 2007.
• Z. Qin, K. Cai, and X. Zou , “A reduced-complexity iterative receiver based on simulated annealing for coded partial-response channels,”&�Բ�����;Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Magnetic Recording (Intermag), Baltimore, Jan. 2007.
• Z. Qin, K. Cai, and X. Zou, “Turbo multiuser detection based on local search algorithms”, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Glasgow, Jun. 2007.
• K. Cai and K.A.S. Immink, “On the number of encoder states for capacity approaching d=1 codes”, Proc. of 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2005, Australia, Sept.2005.
• K. Cai and K.A.S. Immink, “On the design of efficient constrained parity-check codes for opticalrecording”, Proc. Of 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2005, Australia, Sept. 2005.
• K. Cai, V. Y. Krachkovsky, and J. W. M. Bergmans, “Performance bounds for parity coded optical recoding channels with d=1 constraint”, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Alaska, May 2003.

• K. Cai, A. Kong, and Z. Yuan, “DC-Free Constrained Codes for Disk Drive Systems with Dedicated Servo”, Singapore provisional patent application, 10201401781X, filed in April. 2014. Licensed to Marvell Technology Group Ltd in 2014.
• Chao Bi, K. Cai, etc., “Data storage device”, US patent 9202512, granted on December 1, 2015. Licensed to Marvell Technology Group Ltd in 2014.
• K. Cai and Z. Qin, “A memory device with soft-decision decoding,” US patent 8,917,540 B2, granted in Dec. 2014.
• K. Cai and K.A.S. Immink, “Method and system for encoding and decoding information with modulation constraints and error control”, US patent 8,078,935, granted in Dec. 2011.
• K. Cai and K.A.S. Immink, “Method and system for encoding and decoding information with modulation constraints and error control”, Japan patent, granted in Aug. 2012.
• K. Cai and K.A.S. Immink, “Method and system for encoding and decoding information with modulation constraints and error control”, Singapore patent, granted in Feb. 2010.
• K. Cai and Z. Qin, “An efficient and adaptive error correction coding scheme for high-density and high-speed NVM”, US patent application, filed on Nov. 2014.
• K. Cai and Z. Qin, “Adaptive Puncturing of LDPC Codes for Data Storage Systems”, Singapore provisional patent application, filed in June 2014.
• K. Cai and Y. Ng, “Normalization factor adaptation for LDPC decoding for disk drive systems”, Singapore provisional patent application, filed in Oct. 2013.
• K. Cai, “Constrained coding for non-volatile memories (NVM) with inter-cell interference”, Singapore provisional patent application, 201304048-0, filed in Jun. 2013.
• Y. Ng, B.V.K. Kumar, and K. Cai, “Bi-directional pattern-dependent noise prediction detector,” US provisional patent, 61/632,234, Feb. 2012.